View source for Minecraft:Transportation

{{Relevant tutorial|Transportation methods}}
[[File:RideableMinecart.png|thumb|300px|A [[minecart]], which is a method of transportation]]
[[File:minecartride.jpg|thumb|199px|right|A player riding a minecart]]
'''Transportation''' is how players move around the world or between [[Minecraft:dimension]]s (the [[Minecraft:Overworld]], [[Minecraft:the Nether]], and [[Minecraft:the End]]).
== Methods ==
{{missing info|section|horse/donkey/mule/camel swimming speed; nautilus dash speed}}
These speeds assume that the form of transportation is not under the effect of the [[Minecraft:Speed]] or [[Minecraft:Slowness]] status effects if they can be, unless mentioned. {{IN|be}}, there is a speed limit of 320 m/s, or 16 blocks per tick.

'''Note:''' As 1 block is 1 m<sup>3</sup>, 1 m/s is equal to 1 block per second. Thus for convenience, all speeds are shown in SI units. 1 m/s equals 3.28 ft/s and 1 km/h equals 0.621 mph.

{| class="wikitable center sortable" data-description="Speed"
!Method
!Conditions
!Running start effective?
!data-sort-type="number" |Average speed in m/s (blocks per second){{note|name=times-8|Multiply the value by 8 to get the Overworld equivalent when doing this in the Nether.}}
!data-sort-type="number" |Average speed in km/h (1000 blocks per hour){{note|name=times-8}}{{note|name=game-day|Divide by 3 to get kilometres per game day, or by 6 to get kilometres per half-day (from dawn to sunset)}}
!Works in the Nether?
|-
|rowspan="5" |{{ItemSprite|boots}} [[Minecraft:Walking]]
|Flat terrain 
|{{tc|No}}
|4.317 m/s
|15.54 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Diagonally
|{{tc|No}} 
|4.405 m/s
|15.858 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] I
|{{tc|No}}
|6.066 m/s
|21.84 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] II
|{{tc|No}}
|6.519 m/s
|23.47 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III
|{{tc|No}}
|6.972 m/s
|25.1 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="4" |{{EffectSprite|speed}} [[Minecraft:Sprinting]]
|Flat terrain
|{{tc|No}}
|5.612 m/s
|20.2 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] I
|{{tc|No}}
|7.885 m/s
|28.39 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] II
|{{tc|No}}
|8.475 m/s
|30.51 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III
|{{tc|No}}
|9.064 m/s
|32.63 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |{{EffectSprite|speed}} [[Minecraft:Sprinting|Sprint-jumping]]
|Flat terrain
|{{tc|No}}
|7.127 m/s
|25.66 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Elevation momentum (+1 block){{Note|Assuming the jump key is released then held mid-air every jump|name=manual-press}}
|{{tc|No}}
|7.508 m/s
|27.03 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|2-block-high passage{{Note|name=manual-press}}
|{{tc|No}}
|9.732 m/s
|35.04 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="11" |{{EffectSprite|slowness}} [[Minecraft:Sneaking]]
|Flat terrain
|{{tc|No}}
|1.3 m/s
|4.68 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
| +/- 45 angle
|{{tc|No}}
|1.83 m/s
|6.59 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Swift Sneak]] I
|{{tc|No}}
|1.94 m/s
|6.98 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Swift Sneak]] II
|{{tc|No}}
|2.59 m/s
|9.32 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Swift Sneak]] III
|{{tc|No}}
|3.24 m/s
|11.66 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Swift Sneak]] III and +/- 45 angle
|{{tc|No}}
|4.41 m/s
|15.88 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] I
|{{tc|No}}
|1.819 m/s
|6.55 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] II
|{{tc|No}}
|1.949 m/s
|7.02 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III
|{{tc|No}}
|2.92 m/s
|10.51 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Swift Sneak]] III and [[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III
|{{tc|No}}
|5.23 m/s
|18.83 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Swift Sneak]] III and [[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III and +/- 45 angle
|{{tc|No}}
|7.11 m/s
|25.6 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |{{ItemLink|Minecart}}
|{{BlockSprite|powered-rail-on}} [[Minecraft:Tutorial:Minecarts#Optimal Use|Powered Track]]
|{{tc|partial|Yes, small}}
|8.0 m/s
|28.8 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{frac|1|4}} slope track 
|{{tc|No}}
|7.1 m/s
|25.56 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{ItemLink|Minecart with furnace}} {{only|java}}
|{{tc|No}}
|4.0 m/s
|14.4 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="10" |{{ItemLink|id=oak-boat|Boat}}<ref group="note">Boat acceleration takes 9.4 seconds—the difference in time between a running start and not, is halved, or 4.7 seconds.</ref>
|{{frac|1|4}} slope rapids
|{{tc|partial|Yes, small}}
|7.3 m/s
|26.28 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water|In the Nether, water cannot be placed without the use of commands or glitches in past versions.}}}}
|- 
|{{frac|1|4}} slope rapids
|{{tc|No}}
|7.0 m/s
|25.2 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|{{BlockLink|Ice|Flat ice}} {{BlockLink|Packed Ice|Flat packed ice}} {{BlockLink|Frosted Ice|Flat frosted ice}}
|{{tc|No}}
|40.0 m/s
|144.0 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{BlockLink|Blue Ice|Flat blue ice}}
|{{tc|No}}
|72.73 m/s{{note|Actual number is 72 and 8/11ths; it was rounded it to nearest hundredths}}
|261.82 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{BlockLink|Water|Flat water}}
|{{tc|No}}
|8.0 m/s
|28.8 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|{{BlockLink|Water|Flat water}}, reverse
|{{tc|No}}
|1.01 m/s
|3.636 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|Flat land
|{{tc|No}}
|2.00 m/s
|7.20 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|- 
|Flat land, reverse
|{{tc|No}}
|0.24 m/s
|0.864 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|- 
|{{BlockLink|Slime Block|Slime blocks}}
|{{tc|No}}
|1.18 m/s
|4.25 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|- 
|{{BlockLink|Honey Block|Honey blocks}}
|{{tc|No}}
|1.06 m/s
|3.81 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{EntityLink|Pig|Saddled pig}}
|Flat terrain
|{{tc|No}}
|2.42 m/s
|3.712 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Flat terrain, average speed using {{ItemLink|carrot on a stick}}
|{{tc|Yes}}
|4.19 m/s
|15.08 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|- 
|rowspan="3" |{{EntityLink|Strider|Saddled strider}}
|Flat land, without boost<!-- averaged over 3 trials, not as precise as the lava surface trials. -->
|{{tc|No}}
|1.78 m/s
|6.41 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Flat [[Minecraft:lava]] surface, without boost<!-- over 3 trials, measured time was 5.0 s and measured distance was precisely 20.702 m. -->
|{{tc|No}}
|4.24 m/s
|15.26 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Flat [[Minecraft:lava]] surface, [[Minecraft:Strider#Riding|average speed with boost]]
|{{tc|Yes}}
|7.34 m/s
|26.42 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{EntityLink|Camel}}
|Flat terrain, walking
|{{tc|No}}
|3.794 m/s
|13.66 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Flat terrain, sprinting
|{{tc|No}}
|8.0 m/s
|28.8 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{EntityLink|Horse}}<ref group="note">Horses vary in speed. They are the fastest method of land transportation on open but unprepared terrain.</ref>
|Flat terrain (average horse speed)
|{{tc|No}}
|9.49 m/s
|34.15 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Flat terrain, fastest possible horse breed
|{{tc|No}}
|14.57 m/s
|52.45 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{EntityLink|Donkey}}<br>{{EntityLink|Mule}}
|Flat terrain
|{{tc|No}}
|7.38 m/s
|26.56 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|- 
|{{EntityLink|Zombie horse}}<br>{{EntityLink|Skeleton horse}}
|Flat terrain
|{{tc|No}}
|8.43 m/s
|30.35 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{EntityLink|Nautilus}}
|Underwater
|{{tc|Yes}}
|6.5 m/s
|23.4 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|On land
|{{tc|Yes}}
|0.88 m/s
|3.17 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{EntityLink|Zombie nautilus}}
|Underwater
|{{tc|Yes}}
|7.15 m/s
|25.74 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|On land
|{{tc|Yes}}
|0.97 m/s
|3.49 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|rowspan="13" |{{EffectSprite|water-breathing}} [[Minecraft:Swimming]]
|Still water, surface<ref group="note">The swimming speeds are not affected by Swiftness potions. The surface speed refers to "skimming" across the top of the water by holding the spacebar.</ref>
|{{tc|No}}
|2.20 m/s
|7.92 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|Still water, underwater<ref group="note">Underwater refers to any part of the body submerged in water and walking on flat terrain. The Player travels the same speed regardless of if the water is 1 block deep or 2 (in observed cases).</ref>
|{{tc|No}}
|1.97 m/s
|7.09 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|Upstream, underwater
|{{tc|No}}
|0.39 m/s
|1.40 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|Downstream, underwater
|{{tc|No}}
|1.81 m/s{{verify|This result seems rather inaccurate. (by about 7%) Need a more accurate testing method. Or maybe it's possible flowing water restricts movement even more than still, regardless of direction?}}
|6.52 km/h{{verify|This result seems rather inaccurate. (by about 7%) Need a more accurate testing method. Or maybe it's possible flowing water restricts movement even more than still, regardless of direction?}}
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|While diving
|{{tc|no}}
|0.39 m/s
|1.40 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|Downstream, underwater, standing
|{{tc|No}}
|1.37 m/s
|4.93 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Sprint-swimming]]
|{{tc|No}}
|3.918 m/s
|14.1 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|Sprint-swimming with Depth Strider III
|{{tc|No}}
|5.305 m/s
|19.1 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace]] status effect
|{{tc|No}}
|9.800 m/s
|28.8 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace]] status effect with [[Minecraft:Depth Strider]] III
|{{tc|No}}
|48.0 m/s
|172.8 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace]] status effect with [[Minecraft:Depth Strider]] III and [[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III on a layer of [[Minecraft:soul soil]] underwater <ref group="note">Data based on https://youtu.be/PuXX2zkEs48?t=178.</ref>
|{{tc|No}}
|75.0 m/s
|270 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace]] status effect with [[Minecraft:Depth Strider]] III, [[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III on a layer of [[Minecraft:soul soil]], and [[Minecraft:Speed]] II status effect underwater <ref group="note">Data based on https://youtu.be/nNm5mOeH4pE.</ref>
|{{tc|No}}
|144 m/s
|518.4 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace]] status effect with [[Minecraft:Depth Strider]] III and [[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] III on a layer of [[Minecraft:soul soil]], and [[Minecraft:Speed]] II status effect underwater, aligned at a +/-45 degree angle depending on travel direction, and holding forward/sideways/sprint keys <ref group="note">Data based on https://youtu.be/ySREkWjks6A.</ref>
|{{tc|No}}
|146.965 m/s
|529.074 km/h
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|rowspan="4" |{{ItemSprite|feather}} [[Minecraft:Flying]] (horizontal)<ref group="note">Flying speed can be varied.</ref>
|{{BlockSprite|crafting-table}} [[Minecraft:Creative]] mode
|{{tc|Yes}}
|11.0 m/s
|39.6 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{BlockSprite|crafting-table}} [[Minecraft:Creative]] mode<br>Sprint-flying
|{{tc|Yes}}
|22.0 m/s
|79.2 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{BlockSprite|barrier}} [[Minecraft:Spectator]] mode<br>Maximum speed
|{{tc|Yes}}
|43.556 m/s
|156.8016 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{BlockSprite|barrier}} [[Minecraft:Spectator]] mode<br>Maximum speed<br>Sprint-flying
|{{tc|Yes}}
|87.111 m/s
|313.5996 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{ItemLink|Ender Pearl}}
|Thrown 15° above horizontal
|{{tc|No}}
|data-sort-value="23.0" |~23.0 m/s
|data-sort-value="82.8" |~82.8 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|{{EntityLink|Happy Ghast}} <!-- Measured in Java Edition -->
|Flying at 0° pitch
|{{tc|yes|Yes}}
|3.611 m/s
|13 km/h
|{{tc|yes|Yes}}
|-
| rowspan="6" |
{{ItemLink|Elytra}}{{note|Values are faster than those listed if the player has the [[Minecraft:Slow Falling]] status effect.}}
|Gliding at 0° pitch
|{{tc|partial|Yes, small}}
|30.0 m/s
|108.0 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Continuous [[Minecraft:Firework Rocket|rocket]] boost
|{{tc|No}}
|33.5 m/s
|120.6 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Gliding at 52° pitch down
|{{tc|Yes}}
|67.3 m/s
|242.3 km/h
|{{tc|Yes}}
|-
|Gliding at 90° pitch down
|{{tc|Yes}}
|78.4 m/s
|282.2 km/h
|{{tc|partial|Only when above bedrock level}}{{note|It is technically possible below; however, the size between the roof of the Nether and the floor is 124 blocks, meaning that it would take less than 2 seconds to go down. Also, achieving speed requires either using rocket boost, or starting above the roof.}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Trident]] with [[Minecraft:Riptide]] III
|{{tc|no|No}}
|data-sort-value="375" | ~375 m/s
|1,350 km/h (Mach 1.13)
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|-
|[[Minecraft:Trident]] with [[Minecraft:Riptide]] III (perfect timing)
|{{tc|no|No}}
|632.0 m/s {{Note|Speed achieved with unachievably precise timings using tool assistance. However, there's still room for improvement.|name=riptide_speed_cap}}
|2,275.2 km/h (Mach 1.85)
|{{tc|no|No{{note|name=no-water}}}}
|}

;Notes
{{notelist}}

=== Potions ===
Using [[Minecraft:effect]]s from [[Minecraft:potion]]s or [[Minecraft:beacon]]s, walking and sprinting speeds become competitive with other methods of transportation.

Each additional level of {{EffectLink|Speed}} allows the player to walk at nearly the sprinting speed of the previous level, and sprinting with Speed II is only slightly slower than a minecart at full speed or a boosted [[Minecraft:pig]]. With adequate food and potion supplies, sprinting may be more cost-effective than building high-speed transportation systems.

{| class="wikitable center" style="width: auto;" data-description="Potion effects"
!Effect level
!Walking speed (m/s)
!Sprinting speed (m/s)
|-
|none
|4.317 m/s
|5.612 m/s
|-
|{{EffectLink|Speed}}
|5.181 m/s
|6.735 m/s
|-
|{{EffectLink|Speed}} II
|6.044 m/s
|7.857 m/s
|}

=== Commands ===
Using the {{cmd|effect}} [[Minecraft:command]], extremely high or low speeds become reachable. At exceedingly high levels (100+), the player moves faster than the chunks can load.

{| class="wikitable center" style="width: auto;" data-description="Commands"
!Effect level
!Sneaking speed (m/s)
!Walking speed (m/s)
!Sprinting speed (m/s)
|-
|{{EffectLink|Speed}} 50
|14.25 m/s
|47.49 m/s
|61.74 m/s
|-
|{{EffectLink|Speed}} 127
|34.19 m/s
|113.97 m/s
|148.17 m/s
|-
|{{EffectLink|Speed}} 255
|67.61 m/s
|225.36 m/s
|292.96 m/s
|}

=== Vertical transportation ===
{{See also|Tutorial:Elevators}}

There are some examples of purely vertical transportation methods:

{| class="wikitable center sortable" style="width: auto;" data-description="Vertical Speed"
!Method
!Conditions
!data-sort-type="number" |Average speed (m/s)
|-
|{{EffectSprite|Jump Boost}} [[Minecraft:Jumping]]<ref group="note">The player can jump up a distance of {{frac|1|1|4}} blocks. With [[Minecraft:Jump Boost]] I, that increases to {{frac|1|15|16}} blocks, and with Jump Boost II, that increases to {{frac|2|1|2}} blocks.</ref>
|Climbing slope without stairs, [[Minecraft:pillar jumping]], etc.
|2.0 m/s
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{BlockLink|Stairs}}
|Ascending
|3.2 m/s
|-
|Descending
|3.6 m/s
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Minecraft:Tags|#climbable]] (e.g. ladders, vines...)
|Ascending
|2.35 m/s
|-
|Descending
|3.0 m/s
|-
|rowspan="1" |{{BlockLink|Soul sand}}
|Ascending in water
|14.0 m/s{{Note|name=soul sand/magma block|Holding jump/sneak respectively increases the player's speed by 0.8m/s, while sprinting while holding one of those buttons increases the speed by about 1.1m/s for soul sand and 1.9m/s for magma blocks.}}
|-
|rowspan="1" |{{BlockLink|Magma block}}
|Descending in water
|6.0 m/s{{Note|name=soul sand/magma block}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |{{BlockLink|Water|Waterfall}}
|No adjacent blocks
|2.0 m/s
|-
|Ascending, with adjacent blocks
|0.6 m/s
|-
|Descending, with adjacent blocks
|3.4 m/s
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{BlockLink|Water|Waterfall}} (measured in ''Java Edition'')
|Ascending, by holding {{control|jump}}
|2.23 m/s
|-
|Sprint-swimming upward while holding {{control|jump}}
|6.98 m/s
|-
|{{BlockLink|Lava|Lavafall}}
|Using a [[Minecraft:Potion#Potion of Fire Resistance|Potion of Fire Resistance]]
|0.8 m/s
|-
|{{EffectLink|Levitation}}
|Level 1
|0.9 m/s
|-
|{{ItemSprite|Feather}} [[Minecraft:Flying]]
|{{BlockSprite|crafting-table}} [[Minecraft:Creative]]<br>{{BlockSprite|barrier}} [[Minecraft:Spectator]]
|7.49 m/s
|-
|rowspan="4" |{{EffectSprite|Slow Falling}} Falling
|Player, terminal velocity
|78.39992374 m/s
|-
|[[Minecraft:Item (entity)|Item]], terminal velocity
|40.0 m/s
|-
|{{EntityLink|Arrow}}, terminal velocity
|100.0 m/s
|-
|[[Minecraft:Falling block]], terminal velocity
|40.0 m/s
|-
|{{EffectSprite|water-breathing}} [[Minecraft:Swimming]]
|{{BlockLink|Water}}
|0.39 m/s
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{BlockLink|Scaffolding}} (measured {{in|bedrock}})
|Ascending
|1.2 m/s
|-
|Descending
|2.94 m/s
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{BlockLink|Scaffolding}} (measured {{in|java}})
|Ascending
|2.352 m/s
|-
|Descending
|3.000 m/s
|-
|rowspan="2" |{{EntityLink|Happy Ghast}} (measured {{in|java}})
|Ascending
|1.75 m/s
|-
|Descending
|3.5 m/s
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

Falling speed is [[Talk:Health#Falling Speed|more complex]]: Every tick ({{frac|1|20}} second), non-flying players and mobs have their vertical speed decremented (less upward motion, more downward motion) by 0.08 blocks per tick (1.6 m/s), then multiplied by 0.98.<ref group="note">Horses have their vertical speed multiplied by 0.98 a second time in the same tick. This may or may not apply to some other mobs.</ref> This can be described as a formula: 

<math>v(t) = 0.98 \times (v(t-1) - 0.08)</math>

Where <math>v(t)</math>is the speed (in blocks/second) at the <math>t</math>-th tick. <math>v(1)</math> corresponds to the initial speed of the jump: <math>v(1) = \begin{Bmatrix} 0 & \quad Free\;fall \\ 0.42 + 0.1E_{JumpBoost} & \quad Jumping \end{Bmatrix}</math> where <math>E_{JumpBoost}</math> is the level of the jump boost. Because "Speed" (in Minecraft) is defined as the Y coordinate difference between ''the current tick and the previous tick'', the initial speed is <math>v(1)</math> instead of <math>v(0)</math>.

This ''would'' produce a terminal velocity of 3.92 blocks per tick or 78.4 m/s. However, the sky isn't quite high enough for that: Falling from layer 320 to bedrock takes around 8 seconds, with impact at 3.70925 blocks per tick (74.185 m/s). It is possible to fly higher in Creative mode, or by flying with an elytra and then removing it, reaching terminal velocity by falling from "above the sky".
{{notelist}}

By solving the recurrence relation, it is possible to get an exact function to calculate the vertical speed of a falling player:

<math>v(t) = 0.98^{t-1}(v(1) + 3.92) - 3.92</math>

Where the velocity <math>v</math> is in blocks (meters) per tick, the time <math>t</math> is in ticks and downward motion is negative. Note that if the initial velocity is zero, the function can be simplified to <math>v(t) = 3.92 \times (0.98^t - 1)</math>.

An exact function to calculate the displacement of the player is the following:

<math>d(t) = d(0) + 50(v(1)+3.92)(1-0.98^{t}) - 3.92t</math>

Where the displacement <math>d</math> is in blocks (meters), the time <math>t</math> is in ticks, <math>d(0)</math> is the initial displacement and downward displacement is negative. If the initial velocity and displacement is zero, it can be written as:

<math>d(t) = 3.92 \times (50 \times  (1 - 0.98^t) - t)</math>

An approximate function to calculate the time it takes to fall from some height is the following:

<math>t(d) = 50 + 0.255102d + 49.498316 \times W_{0}(-0.367861 \times 0.994859^d)</math>

Where the height <math>d</math> is in blocks (meters), the time <math>t</math> is in ticks, initial velocity and displacement is zero, downward displacement is negative and <math>W</math> is the [[Minecraft:wikipedia:Lambert W function|Lambert W function]].

=== Other modes of transportation ===
*Players are also able to use [[Minecraft:piston]]s for transport.
**It is possible to construct [[Minecraft:Tutorial:Flying machines|complex flying machines]] using pistons, [[Minecraft:blocks of redstone]], [[Minecraft:slime block]]s, and [[Minecraft:honey block]]s.
*[[Minecraft:Dying]] is an instant mode of transportation to the player's [[Minecraft:bed]] or [[Minecraft:World spawn#Individual spawn|spawn]] point, but at the cost of all items and XP (if the <code>keepInventory</code> gamerule is disabled) and the world (on Hardcore).
**If the player has already defeated the [[Minecraft:ender dragon]], and is near a [[Minecraft:stronghold]]/[[Minecraft:end portal]], they can enter and exit [[Minecraft:the End]] to instantly be transported to their bed or spawn point without dying.
*[[Minecraft:Explosion]] knockback can send an adjacent player flying for a short distance, depending on the strength of the explosion. This is not recommended in [[Minecraft:Survival mode]] without strong [[Minecraft:armor]] and/or a [[Minecraft:totem of undying]].
** Due to how damage is calculated after explosion knockback, you can’t take damage if you make the player cannon powerful enough.{{verify}}
*It is possible to position [[Minecraft:boat]]s in a line with each boat being 4-5 blocks (inclusive) from each other. By rapidly pressing the {{control|interact}} button. This also works with saddled [[Minecraft:pig]]s (provided they stay in position. (placed on posts)) and [[Minecraft:minecart]]s, however those are much more expensive.

== Calculator ==
{{Calculator|transport}}

== Achievements ==
{{Load achievements|Super Sonic;Beam me Up; On a Rail}}

== Advancements ==
{{Load advancements|Subspace Bubble}}

== History ==
=== ''Java Edition'' ===
{{HistoryTable
|{{HistoryLine|java pre-classic}}
|{{HistoryLine||Cave game tech test|Added [[Minecraft:walking]] and [[Minecraft:jumping]] as the first form of locomotion.}}
|{{HistoryLine|java classic}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.0.12a|Added [[Minecraft:water]] and [[Minecraft:lava]]. "[[Minecraft:Swimming]]" (more akin to treading water) has been introduced.}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.26 SURVIVAL TEST|Added [[Minecraft:slab]]s as a means of vertical transportation without jumping.}}
|{{HistoryLine|java infdev}}
|{{HistoryLine||20100327|The player now drops their [[Minecraft:inventory]] and [[Minecraft:respawn]]s at the spawn point upon death, enabling instant transportation at the cost of all of the player's items.}}
|{{HistoryLine||20100607|Added [[Minecraft:ladder]]s as a means of vertical transportation without jumping.}}
|{{HistoryLine||20100618|Added [[Minecraft:minecart]]s and [[Minecraft:rail]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||20100625-1917|Added [[Minecraft:saddle]]s, which made it possible to use [[Minecraft:pig]]s as an uncontrollable method of transportation.}}
|{{HistoryLine||20100629|Added [[Minecraft:stairs]], as a more compact method of vertical transportation compared to slabs.}}
|{{HistoryLine|java alpha}}
|{{HistoryLine||v1.0.6|Added [[Minecraft:boat]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||v1.0.14|Added [[Minecraft:minecarts with furnaces]] as a way to propel minecarts.}}
|{{HistoryLine||v1.1.1|Added [[Minecraft:sneaking]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||v1.2.0|dev=preview|Added [[Minecraft:the Nether]], which could be used for fast travel, as any distance covered in the Nether is multiplied by 8 in the [[Minecraft:Overworld]].}}
|{{HistoryLine|java beta}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.5|Added [[Minecraft:powered rail]]s, which eliminates the need for "booster" minecarts and furnace minecarts.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.8|dev=Pre-release|Added [[Minecraft:sprinting]], which can be started by double-tapping {{control|forward}}.
|Added [[Minecraft:Creative]] mode, where the player can [[Minecraft:Flying|fly]].
|Added the [[Minecraft:hunger]] bar, which gradually depletes when the player walks, jumps, sneaks, swims or sprints.
|An infamous bug where walking on the edges of [[Minecraft:block]]s would accumulate step [[Minecraft:sound]]s and rapidly play them upon touching solid ground has been fixed.
|Added [[Minecraft:ender pearl]]s, which are currently useless.}}
|{{HistoryLine|java}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.0.0|dev=Beta 1.9 Prerelease 2|[[Minecraft:Ender pearl]]s can now be thrown, [[Minecraft:Teleportation|teleporting]] the player to where it lands.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=Beta 1.9 Prerelease 3|The [[Minecraft:Speed]] effect can now be obtained from [[Minecraft:potion]]s of swiftness, allowing for faster travel.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.3.1|dev=12w23a|[[Minecraft:Boat]]s have been made faster and easier to control.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.4.2|dev=12w34a|[[Minecraft:Entities]] can now travel through [[Minecraft:portal]]s, allowing transportation of [[Minecraft:mob]]s between [[Minecraft:dimension]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=12w36a|Added [[Minecraft:carrots on sticks]], making it possible to control [[Minecraft:saddle]]d [[Minecraft:pig]]s.<ref>{{tweet|dinnerbone|240428477856231424|I went with carrots, and the future of pig based transportation has arrived... this future smells funny :( http://dinnerbone.com/media/uploads/2012-08/screenshots/Minecraft_2012-08-28_14-38-35.png}}</ref> Acceleration results a slow speed-up, but can reach up to 5 [[Minecraft:block]]s per second (5m/sec).<ref>{{tweet|dinnerbone|240429280469856256|They start slow but end up going about 5 blocks per second. Or something.}}</ref>
|Before this update, the [[Minecraft:player]] had no control over the pig's wandering, so this was not a practical form of long-distance transportation. After this update, however, the pig does not jump when being controlled, so transportation is still limited (to the same height or downhill directions).}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=12w37a|Saddled [[Minecraft:pig]]s now jump over blocks when being directed with the carrot on a stick.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=12w38a|Teleportation by [[Minecraft:nether portal]] is now instantaneous in [[Minecraft:Creative]] mode.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.6.1|dev=13w16a|Added [[Minecraft:horse]]s, which can be ridden when tamed and equipped with saddles.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=13w16b|Horses are now slower and the amount of gliding from horses has been reduced.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.7.2|dev=13w36a|Added a sprint button (default to {{key|Left Ctrl}}) as an alternative way to start sprinting.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.8|dev=14w05a|Added [[Minecraft:Spectator]] mode, where the player can fly through solid blocks, and adjust their flying speed.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=14w18a|[[Minecraft:Slime block]]s can now be moved by [[Minecraft:piston]]s, allowing [[Minecraft:Tutorial:Flying machines|automatic flying machines]] to be built.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=14w25a|Added the [[Minecraft:Depth Strider]] enchantment, allowing faster movement through [[Minecraft:water]].}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=14w34d|Pressing the sprint button now speeds up flying in Creative mode.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.9|dev=15w31a|Added [[Minecraft:chorus fruit]]s, which causes the player to teleport to a random nearby location.
|Added the [[Minecraft:Levitation]] status effect, which causes the player to float upward.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=15w41a|Added [[Minecraft:elytra]], which is currently the fastest legitimate method of transportation in the game, enabling controlled true flight in Survival.
|Boats have received an overhaul. They now have paddles, are much slower than before, are controlled with left and right keys, can have mobs as passengers, but no longer breaks upon impact.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=15w42a|Boats have been made faster again, matching the speed of the old boats.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=15w45a|The negligible speed threshold for entities is now 0.003 (previously 0.005). As a result, the player's jump height is increased from 1.2492 blocks to 1.2522 blocks.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=16w04a|Boats are now controlled with forward and backward keys again.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=16w05a|Boats can now travel fast on [[Minecraft:ice]] and [[Minecraft:packed ice]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.11|dev=16w32a|The [[Minecraft:Hunger#Exhaustion level increase|hunger cost]] of most player actions have been greatly reduced, with walking and sneaking no longer costing any hunger.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.11.1|dev=16w50a|Added the ability to propel elytra with [[Minecraft:firework rocket]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.13|dev=18w07a|The player can now [[Minecraft:Swimming#Sprint-swimming|sprint-swim]] when their head is submerged underwater, allowing faster and more controllable underwater movement.
|Added [[Minecraft:bubble column]]s as a form of vertical transport.
|Added [[Minecraft:trident]]s and the [[Minecraft:Riptide]] enchantment, which launches a player touching water or rain.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=18w15a|Added [[Minecraft:blue ice]], which allows boats to travel even faster on top of it.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=18w19a|Added the [[Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace]] effect, allowing the player to swim quickly next to [[Minecraft:dolphin]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.14|dev=18w45a|Added [[Minecraft:scaffolding]] as a form of vertical transport.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=19w14a|The player can now [[Minecraft:crawl]] when they are forced into spaces less than 1.5 blocks high.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.16|dev=20w11a|Added the [[Minecraft:Soul Speed]] enchantment, allowing faster travel on [[Minecraft:soul sand]] and [[Minecraft:soul soil]].}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=20w13a|Added [[Minecraft:strider]]s, which can stride on [[Minecraft:lava]], allowing the player to cross [[Minecraft:lava ocean]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.16.2|dev=Pre-release 1|[[Minecraft:Ender pearl]]s are now affected by bubble columns, making it easier to build ender pearl stasis chambers that instantly teleports the player to the location upon activation.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.21.5|dev=25w02a|Moving diagonally by holding down two movement keys no longer increases the player's speed.<ref>Was actually a bug: {{bug|MC-271065||Diagonal movement is not normalized when crouching or using certain items}}</ref>}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=25w04a|Moving diagonally by holding down two movement keys once again increases the player's speed.}}
}}

=== ''Bedrock Edition'' ===
{{HistoryTable
|{{HistoryLine|pocket alpha}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.1.0|Added [[Minecraft:water]], therefore allowing [[Minecraft:swimming]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.2.0|Added [[Minecraft:flying]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.8.0|dev=build 1| Added [[Minecraft:rail]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=build 2|Added [[Minecraft:minecart]]s, allowing travel by minecart.}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.11.0|dev=build 1|Added [[Minecraft:boat]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.12.1|dev=build 1|Added [[Minecraft:sneaking]] and sprinting.}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.14.0|dev=build 1|Added [[Minecraft:ender pearl]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.15.0|dev=build 1|Added [[Minecraft:horse]]s in the [[Minecraft:Friendly Update]].
|Added [[Minecraft:saddle]]s, which can be equipped on horses and pigs to ride them.
|Added [[Minecraft:carrot on a stick]] to control [[Minecraft:pig]]s when riding.}}
|{{HistoryLine|pocket}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.0.0|dev=alpha 0.17.0.1|Added [[Minecraft:elytra]] in the [[Minecraft:Ender Update]].}}
|{{HistoryLine|bedrock}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.2.13|dev=beta 1.2.13.8|Added the ability to sprint while in [[Minecraft:water]] in the [[Minecraft:Update Aquatic]], which causes the [[Minecraft:player]] to dive to the ground and actually [[Minecraft:swim]]. This is much faster than the previous form.}}
}}

=== Legacy Console Edition ===
{{HistoryTable
|{{HistoryLine|console}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU1|xbone=CU1|ps3=1.00|psvita=1.00|ps4=1.00|wiiu=Patch 1|switch=1.0.1|Added all transportation features from and prior to [[Minecraft:Java Edition Beta 1.6.6]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU5|xbone=CU1|ps3=1.00|psvita=1.00|ps4=1.00|wiiu=Patch 1|switch=1.0.1|Added [[Minecraft:sprinting]], which can be started by double-tapping {{control|forward}}.|Added [[Minecraft:Creative]] mode, where the player can [[Minecraft:Flying|fly]].|Added the [[Minecraft:hunger]] bar, which gradually depletes when the player walks, jumps, sneaks, swims or sprints.|Added [[Minecraft:ender pearl]]s, which are currently useless.}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU7|xbone=CU1|ps3=1.00|psvita=1.00|ps4=1.00|wiiu=Patch 1|switch=1.0.1|[[Minecraft:Ender pearl]]s can now be thrown, [[Minecraft:Teleportation|teleporting]] the player to where it lands.|The [[Minecraft:Speed]] effect can now be obtained from [[Minecraft:potion]]s of swiftness, allowing for faster travel.}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU14|xbone=CU1|ps3=1.04|psvita=1.00|ps4=1.00|wiiu=Patch 1|switch=1.0.1|[[Minecraft:Boat]]s have been made faster and easier to control.|Added [[Minecraft:carrots on sticks]], making it possible to control [[Minecraft:saddle]]d [[Minecraft:pig]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU19|xbone=CU7|ps3=1.12|psvita=1.12|ps4=1.12|wiiu=Patch 1|switch=1.0.1|[[Minecraft:Entities]] can now travel through [[Minecraft:portal]]s, allowing transportation of [[Minecraft:mob]]s between [[Minecraft:dimension]]s.|Teleportation by [[Minecraft:nether portal]] is now instantaneous in [[Minecraft:Creative]] mode.|Added [[Minecraft:horse]]s, which can be ridden when tamed and equipped with saddles.}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU31|xbone=CU19|ps3=1.22|psvita=1.22|ps4=1.22|wiiu=Patch 3|switch=1.0.1|[[Minecraft:Slime block]]s can now be moved by [[Minecraft:piston]]s, allowing [[Minecraft:Tutorial:Flying machines|automatic flying machines]] to be built.|Added the [[Minecraft:Depth Strider]] enchantment, allowing faster movement through [[Minecraft:water]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU46|xbone=CU36|ps3=1.38|psvita=1.38|ps4=1.38|wiiu=Patch 15|switch=1.0.1|Added [[Minecraft:chorus fruit]]s, which causes the player to teleport to a random nearby location.|Added the [[Minecraft:Levitation]] status effect, which causes the player to float upward.|Added [[Minecraft:elytra]], enabling controlled true flight in Survival.
|Boats have received an overhaul.|The negligible speed threshold for entities is now 0.003 (previously 0.005). As a result, the player's jump height is increased from 1.2492 blocks to 1.2522 blocks.{{check version}}|Boats can now travel fast on [[Minecraft:ice]] and [[Minecraft:packed ice]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU53|xbone=CU43|ps3=1.49|psvita=1.49|ps4=1.50|wiiu=Patch 23|switch=1.0.3|Added a sprint button (defaults to nothing) as an alternative way to start sprinting.|Added the ability to propel elytra with [[Minecraft:firework rocket]]s.}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU54|xbone=CU44|ps3=1.52|psvita=1.52|ps4=1.52|wiiu=Patch 24|switch=1.0.4|The [[Minecraft:Hunger#Exhaustion level increase|hunger cost]] of most player actions have been greatly reduced, with walking and sneaking no longer costing any hunger.}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=TU69|xbone=none|ps3=1.76|psvita=1.76|ps4=1.76|wiiu=Patch 38|switch=none|Players can now [[Minecraft:Swimming#Sprint-swimming|sprint-swim]] in water.|Added [[Minecraft:bubble column]]s as a form of vertical transport.|Added [[Minecraft:trident]]s and the [[Minecraft:Riptide]] enchantment, which launches a player touching water or rain.|Added [[Minecraft:blue ice]], which allows boats to travel even faster on top of it.}}
|{{HistoryLine||xbox=none|xbone=none|ps3=none|psvita=none|ps4=1.83|wiiu=none|switch=none|Added [[Minecraft:scaffolding]] as a form of vertical transport.}}
}}

=== ''New Nintendo 3DS Edition'' ===
{{HistoryTable
|{{HistoryLine|new3ds}}
|{{HistoryLine||0.1.0|Added all transportation features from and prior to [[Minecraft:Pocket Edition v0.15.4 alpha]].}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.7.10|Added [[Minecraft:elytra]] in the [[Minecraft:Ender Update]].}}
}}

== Issues ==
{{Issue list}}

== Trivia ==
Sprinting with Soul Speed 3 on [[Minecraft:soul sand]] while having [[Minecraft:Speed]] 2 is almost as fast as the fastest possible [[Minecraft:horse]] breed (12.6896 m/sec).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Navigation ==
{{Navbox gameplay}}
[[Category:Transport| ]]

[[Minecraft:cs:Doprava]]
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[[Minecraft:es:Transporte]]
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[[Minecraft:ko:수송]]
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[[Minecraft:ru:Способы передвижения]]
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