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{{For|predicates inside models|Tutorial:Models#Item predicates}}
{{Exclusive|java}}

'''Predicates''' are [[Minecraft:JSON]] structures invoked to check conditions within the world. They return a ''pass'' or ''fail'' result to the invoker, which acts differently based on the result. They can be defined and invoked by [[Minecraft:data pack]]s or by [[Minecraft:commands]]. In practical terms, predicates are a flexible way for data packs to encode "if this, then that" logic without needing custom code.

'''Predicate files''' are standalone data pack files containing one or more predicates.

This article describes how predicates are defined and invoked, and also describes the JSON structure of a predicate.

== Definition ==
A predicate file is defined with the [[Minecraft:JSON]] format.

Predicate files are part of the data pack directory structure, highlighted below:

{{Data pack directory|predicate|<nowiki><name>.json</nowiki>}}

The root element of a predicate file can be either an {{nbt|compound|object}} following the predicate structure below, or an {{nbt|list|array}} containing multiple predicates. In the latter case all predicates must evaluate to true.

== Usage ==
Predicates and predicate files can be invoked in several different manners from other data pack files:

=== Commands ===
[[Minecraft:Commands]] or [[Minecraft:Function (Java Edition)|functions]] can invoke predicate files in two ways:

* [[Minecraft:Target selectors]]: The selector argument <code>predicate=</code> checks predicate files as a filter for entity selection. The predicate file is invoked once per entity that needs filtering, each time being at the entity's location.
* {{Cmd|execute}}: A subcommand, <code>/execute if predicate</code>, can invoke a predicate file or an in-line predicate definition to either return a result or to decide whether to continue with a subcommand chain. The predicate is invoked once at the current contextual position of execution.

=== Other predicates ===
The condition type <code>minecraft:reference</code> invokes a predicate file and returns the result to the invoker.

=== Presence in other files ===
In addition to predicate files, predicates themselves are used in other locations within other data pack files such as [[Minecraft:Advancement/JSON format|advancements]] and [[Minecraft:Loot table|loot tables]].

== Examples ==
Below are a few simple predicate examples for context.

=== Example 1: Check if player is holding a diamond sword ===
<pre>{
"condition": "minecraft:entity_properties",
"entity": "this",
"predicate": {
"equipment": {
"mainhand": {
"items": ["minecraft:diamond_sword"]
}
}
}
}</pre>

=== Example 2: Only run if it’s daytime ===
<pre>{
"condition": "minecraft:time_check",
"value": { "min": 0, "max": 12000 },
"period": 24000
}</pre>

=== Example 3: Nested example using any_of ===
<pre>{
"condition": "minecraft:any_of",
"terms": [
{ "condition": "minecraft:random_chance", "chance": 0.25 },
{ "condition": "minecraft:weather_check", "raining": true }
]
}</pre>These snippets can be placed inside {{cd|data/{{ph|namespace}}/predicate/}} within a data pack, then referenced using commands such as:<pre>/execute if predicate my_pack:daytime_check run say Good morning!</pre>

== JSON format ==
This section describes the JSON format of a predicate.

<div class="treeview" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* {{nbt|list}}{{nbt|compound}}: The root element of the predicate.
** {{nbt|string|condition}}: The [[Minecraft:resource location]] of the condition type to check.
** Other parts of the predicate, specified below. In lists each element must evaluate to true for the predicate to pass.
</div>

The possible values for {{nbt|string|condition}} and associated extra contents:

<div class="treeview" id="condition_all_of" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''all_of'''—Evaluates a list of predicates and passes if all of them pass. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|list|terms}}: The list of predicates to evaluate.
*** {{nbt|list}}{{nbt|compound}} A predicate, following this structure recursively.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_alternative" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''any_of'''—Evaluates a list of predicates and passes if any one of them passes. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|list|terms}}: The list of predicates to evaluate.
*** {{nbt|list}}{{nbt|compound}} A predicate, following this structure recursively. Note that ''any_of'' only applies to {{nbt|list|terms}}, nested lists are ''all_of''.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_block_state_property" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''block_state_property'''—Checks the mined block and its [[Minecraft:block states]]. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">block state</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#d33">fails</span></b> if not provided.
** {{nbt|string|block}}: A block ID. The test fails if the block doesn't match.
** {{nbt|compound|properties}}: ''(Optional)'' A map of block state names to values. Errors if the block doesn't have these properties.
*** {{nbt|string|''name''}}: A block state and an exact value. The value is a string.
*** {{nbt|compound|''name''}}: A block state name and a ranged value to match.
**** {{nbt|string|min}}: The min value.
**** {{nbt|string|max}}: The max value.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_damage_source_properties" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''damage_source_properties'''—Checks properties of the damage source. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">origin</span></b> and <b><span style="color:#00af89">damage source</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#d33">fails</span></b> if not provided.
** {{nbt|compound|predicate}}: Predicate applied to the damage source.
*** {{Nbt_inherit/conditions/damage_type|indent=***}}
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_entity_properties" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''enchantment_active_check'''—Checks if the enchantment has been active. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">enchantment active status</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#d33">fails</span></b> if not provided. It is therefore only usable from the {{cd|enchanted_location}} loot context.
** {{nbt|boolean|active}}: Whether to check for an active ({{cd|true}}) or inactive ({{cd|false}}) enchantment.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_entity_properties" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''entity_properties'''—Checks properties of an entity. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|string|entity}}: The entity to check. Specifies an entity from [[Minecraft:loot context]]. Can be {{Loot entity target}}.
** {{nbt|compound|predicate}}: Predicate applied to entity, uses same structure as advancements.
*** {{nbt inherit/conditions/entity|indent=***}}
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_entity_scores" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''entity_scores'''—Checks the [[Minecraft:scoreboard]] scores of an entity. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">the specified entity</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#d33">fails</span></b> if not provided.
** {{nbt|string|entity}}: The entity to check. Specifies an entity from [[Minecraft:loot context]]. Can be {{Loot entity target}}.
** {{nbt|compound|scores}}: Scores to check. All specified scores must pass for the condition to pass.
*** {{nbt|compound|A score}}: Key name is the objective while the value specifies a range of score values required for the condition to pass.
**** {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|min}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. Minimum score. Optional.
**** {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|max}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. Maximum score. Optional.
*** {{nbt|int|A score}}: Shorthand version of the other syntax above, to check the score against a single number only. Key name is the objective while the value is the required score.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_inverted" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''inverted'''—Inverts another predicate condition. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|compound|term}}: The condition to be negated, following the same structure as outlined here, recursively.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_killed_by_player" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''killed_by_player'''—Checks if there is a {{cd|attacking_player}} entity provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]]. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">{{cd|attacking_player}} entity</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#d33">fails</span></b> if not provided.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_location_check" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''location_check'''—Checks the current location against location criteria. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">origin</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#d33">fails</span></b> if not provided.
** {{nbt|int|offsetX}}: An optional x offset to the location.
** {{nbt|int|offsetY}}: An optional y offset to the location.
** {{nbt|int|offsetZ}}: An optional z offset to the location.
** {{nbt|compound|predicate}}: Predicate applied to location, uses same structure as advancements.
*** {{nbt inherit/conditions/location|indent=***}}
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_match_tool" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''match_tool'''—Checks tool used to mine the block. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">tool</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#d33">fails</span></b> if not provided.
** {{nbt|compound|predicate}}: Predicate applied to item, uses same structure as advancements.
*** {{nbt inherit/conditions/item|indent=***}}
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_random_chance" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''random_chance'''—Generates a random number between 0.0 and 1.0, and checks if it is less than a specified value. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|float}}{{nbt|compound|chance}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. Success rate as a number 0.0–1.0.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_random_chance_with_looting" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''random_chance_with_enchanted_bonus'''—Generates a random number between 0.0 and 1.0, and checks if it is less than the value determined using the level of a given enchantment. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89"><code>attacker</code> entity</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and if not provided, the enchantment level is regarded as 0.
** {{nbt|float|unenchanted_chance}}: The success rate to use when the enchantment is not present; 0.0–1.0.
** {{nbt|float}}{{nbt|compound|enchanted_chance}}: [[Minecraft:level-based value]]. The success rate based on the level when then enchantment is present; 0.0–1.0.
** {{nbt|string|enchantment}}: {{json ref/enchantment}}. The enchantment whose level to use for the chance calculation. If the enchantment is not present, uses {{cd|0}} as level.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_reference" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''reference'''—Invokes a predicate file and returns its result. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>. Cannot be used in [[Minecraft:Enchantment_definition#Effect_components|enchantment definitions]].
** {{nbt|string|name}}: The [[Minecraft:resource location]] of the predicate to invoke. A cyclic reference causes a parsing failure.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_survives_explosion" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''survives_explosion'''—Returns success with {{cd|1 ÷ explosion radius}} probability. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">explosion radius</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]], and always <b><span style="color:#00af89">success</span></b> if not provided.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_table_bonus" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''table_bonus'''—Passes with probability picked from a list, indexed by enchantment power. Requires <b><span style="color:#00af89">tool</span></b> provided by [[Minecraft:loot context]]. If not provided, the enchantment level is regarded as 0.
** {{nbt|string|enchantment}}: [[Minecraft:Resource location]] of enchantment.
** {{nbt|list|chances}}: List of probabilities for enchantment power, indexed from 0.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_time_check" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''time_check'''—Compares the current day time (or rather, <code>24000 * day count + day time</code>) against given values. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|string|clock}}: {{json ref|world clock}} to check the time of.
** {{nbt|compound|value}}: The time to compare the day time against.
*** {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|min}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. The minimum value.
*** {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|max}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. The maximum value.
** {{nbt|int|value}}: Shorthand version of {{nbt|compound|value}} above, used to check for a single value only. Number providers cannot be used in this shorthand form.
** {{nbt|int|period}}: If present, the day time is first reduced modulo the given number before being checked against {{nbt|compound}}{{nbt|int|value}}. For example, setting this to 24000 causes the checked time to be equal to the current daytime.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_value_check" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''value_check'''—Compares a number against another number or range of numbers. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|value}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. The number to test.
** {{nbt|compound|range}}: The range of numbers to compare {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|value}} against.
*** {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|min}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. The minimum value.
*** {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|max}}: A [[Minecraft:Loot table#Number provider|number provider]]. The maximum value.
** {{nbt|int|range}}: Shorthand version of {{nbt|compound|range}} above, used to compare {{nbt|int}}{{nbt|compound|value}} against a single number only. Number providers cannot be used in this shorthand form.
</div>

<div class="treeview" id="condition_weather_check" style="margin-block-end: 1em;">
* '''weather_check'''—Checks the current game weather. Invokable from <b><span style="color:#00af89">any context</span></b>.
** {{nbt|boolean|raining}}: If true, the condition passes only if it is raining or thundering.
** {{nbt|boolean|thundering}}: If true, the condition passes only if it is thundering.
</div>

== History ==
{{HistoryTable
|{{HistoryLine|java}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.15|dev=19w38a|Added predicates to data packs.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.16|dev=20w12a|Added fishing_hook sub-predicate into entity predicate to check properties of the fishing hook.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.19|dev=22w14a|{{cd|player|fishing_hook|lightning_bolt|catType|d=and}} fields have been replaced with {{cd|type_specific}}. {{cd|type_specific}} has field {{cd|type}} (one of {{cd|player|fishing_hook|lightning_bolt|cat|d=or}}) and same sub-fields as removed fields.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.19.3|dev=23w06a|Removed {{cd|d=and|is_projectile|is_explosion|bypasses_armor|bypasses_invulnerability|bypasses_magic|is_fire|is_magic|is_lightning}} fields from {{cd|damage_source_properties}}.|A new {{cd|tags}} array has been added to {{cd|damage_source_properties}}. Each entry has two fields:
* {{cd|id}}: The ID of a damage type tag.
* {{cd|expected}}: Whether the damage is expected to have or not have the tag for the predicate to match.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.20|dev=23w18a|Condition {{cd|alternative}} has been renamed to {{cd|any_of}}.|Added new condition {{cd|all_of}} that passes only when all sub-conditions pass, with the same syntax as {{cd|any_of}}.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.20.5|dev=24w09a|Item predicate format has been updated:

*{{cd|tag}} field has been removed.
*{{cd|items}} field now supports a single entry, hash-prefixed item tag, or list of items.
*{{cd|potion}} renamed to {{cd|potions}}, and supports a single entry, hash-prefixed potion tag, or list of potions.
*{{cd|nbt}} predicate has been renamed to {{cd|custom_data}} and now matches {{cd|minecraft:custom_data}} component.
*A new optional {{cd|components}} field matches exact components.
|Block predicate format has been updated:
*{{cd|tag}} field has been removed.
*{{cd|blocks}} field now supports a single entry, hash-prefixed block tag, or list of blocks.
|Fluid predicate format has been updated:
*{{cd|tag}} field has been removed.
*{{cd|fluid}} renamed to {{cd|fluids}}, and supports a single entry, hash-prefixed fluid tag, or list of fluids.
|Entity predicate format has been updated:
*{{cd|type}} field now supports a single entry, hash-prefixed entity type tag, or list of entity types.
|Location predicate format has been updated:
*{{cd|biome}} renamed to {{cd|biomes}}, and supports a single entry, hash-prefixed biome tag, or list of biomes.
*{{cd|structure}} renamed to {{cd|structures}}, and supports a single entry, hash-prefixed structure tag, or list of structures.
}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=24w10a|Added entity sub-predicate {{cd|slots}}, used to check single or multiple slots on any entity.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=24w11a|Removed entity sub-predicate {{cd|any}}
Component-specific item predicate properties have been moved to separate field {{cd|predicates}}|
Item sub-predicate format has been updated:
*Some fields from item predicate have been moved to a map in an optional field {{cd|predicates}}.
*{{cd|enchantments}}, {{cd|stored_enchantments}}, {{cd|potions}}, {{cd|custom_data}} fields have been moved to {{cd|minecraft:enchantments}}, {{cd|minecraft:stored_enchantments}}, {{cd|minecraft:potion_contents}}, {{cd|minecraft:custom_data}} sub-predicates respectively.
*{{cd|durability}} field has been expanded to {{cd|minecraft:damage}} predicate.
*Predicates {{cd|minecraft:enchantments}}, {{cd|minecraft:stored_enchantments}}, {{cd|minecraft:potion_contents}}, {{cd|minecraft:damage}} now require matching component to exist on them.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.21|dev=24w18a|Renamed {{cd|random_chance_with_looting}} to {{cd|random_chance_with_enchanted_bonus}}, changing the {{cd|chance}} field from a float to a level-based value, removing the {{cd|looting_multiplier}} field, and adding a {{cd|enchantment}} field.|
Changed the {{cd|chance}} field of {{cd|random_chance}} from a float into a number provider.|
Added a {{cd|can_see_sky}} field to location predicates.|
Renamed {{cd|enchantment}} to {{cd|enchantments}} in the {{cd|minecraft:enchantments}} item sub-predicate; now accepting multiple possible enchantments, or tags.|
Changes to the entity predicate:
* added {{cd|is_on_ground}} and {{cd|is_flying}} flags to flags sub-predicate.
* added {{cd|movement}} sub-predicate.
* added {{cd|periodic_ticks}} sub-predicate.|
Renamed loot context entities: {{cd|killer}} renamed to {{cd|attacker}}; {{cd|direct_killer}} renamed to {{cd|direct_attacker}}; {{cd|killer_player}} renamed to {{cd|attacking player}}.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=24w19a|Added {{cd|is_direct}} field to damage type predicates.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=24w21a|Added {{cd|jukebox_playable}} item predicate.|
The {{cd|gamemode}} field of the player predicate now accepts a list of gamemodes rather than a single string.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=pre1|Split {{cd|chance}} into {{cd|unenchanted_chance}} and {{cd|enchanted_chance}} in the {{cd|random_chance_with_enchanted_bonus}} condition.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.21.2|dev=24w35a|New entity sub-predicate for testing sheep wool. Fields: <code>sheared</code> and <code>color</code>.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=24w36a|New entity sub-predicate for testing player input. Available inputs to test are <code>forward</code>, <code>backward</code> <code>left</code>, <code>right</code>, <code>jump</code>, <code>sneak</code>, and <code>sprint</code>.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=24w37a|New entity sub-predicate for salmon. Fields: <code>variant</code>.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=24w39a|Removed the <code>minecraft:boat</code> entity sub-predicate, since boats no longer have variants.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.21.5|dev=25w03a|A new optional field was added to entity predicate: {{cd|components}}.|Several entity sub-predicates have been removed and replaced with combination of {{cd|components}} predicate and variant entity components.|The field {{cd|color}} has been removed from {{cd|minecraft:sheep}} sub-predicate.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=25w07a|The {{cd|stepping_on}} entity predicate can only evaluate to {{cd|true}} if the entity is on ground.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=25w10a|New optional fields have been added to block predicates: {{cd|components}} and {{cd|predicates}}.|A new optional field has been added to entity predicates: {{cd|predicates}}.}}
|{{HistoryLine||1.21.11|dev=25w41a|Component predicates (predicates field in block, item and entity predicates) now include predicates for checking existence of every component type.|The {{cd|flags}} entity predicate now supports new values.|Item predicate in command form (<code><item>[predicate~{...},component={...}]</code>) has been extended to accept empty predicates for any component type.}}
|{{HistoryLine||26.1|dev=snap1|{{cd|player}} Sub-Predicate has a new optional field: {{cd|food}}.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=snap3|{{cd|minecraft:time_check}} loot predicate: added {{cd|clock}} field.}}
|{{HistoryLine|||dev=pre1|Added the {{cd|minecraft:environment_attribute_check}} loot predicate.}}
|{{HistoryLine|java upcoming}}
|{{HistoryLine||26.2|dev=snap3|The Entity predicate format has changed from a structure with multiple optional fields to one similar to data component maps.|Added {{cd|minecraft:entity_tags}} entity sub-predicate.}}
}}

== See also ==

* [[Minecraft:Data pack]] – where predicates are defined and stored
* [[Minecraft:Loot table]] – one of the most common predicate users
* [[Minecraft:Advancement]] – another system that embeds predicates
* [[Minecraft:Execute]] – command subcomponent that can run predicates

== External links ==
* [https://misode.github.io/predicate/ Predicate Generator on misode.github.io]

== Navigation ==
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