Minecraft:Hopper

A hopper is a low-capacity storage Minecraft:block that can be used to collect Minecraft:item entities directly above it, as well as to transfer Minecraft:items into and out of other containers. A hopper can be locked with Minecraft:redstone power to stop it from moving items into or out of itself.

Obtaining

Breaking

A hopper drops itself and its contents if mined with a Minecraft:pickaxe. Using any other item to mine a hopper drops only its contents. Template:Breaking row

Crafting

A hopper can be crafted from a chest and 5 iron ingots. Template:Crafting

Natural generation

Hoppers generate above Minecraft:barrels in the Minecraft:trial chambers.

Usage

File:Hopper aligment.png

Hoppers can face down or sideways.

A hopper can be used as a container, as a crafting ingredient, and as a redstone component.

A hopper has an "output" tube at its bottom that can face down or sideways and provides a visual indication of which block the hopper is set up to drop its items into, if that block has an inventory. To place a hopper, use the Template:Control control while aiming at the surface to which its output should face (Hoppers do not orient themselves automatically). To place a hopper directly on the face of an already interactable block, the player can Template:Control while placing the hopper. Attempting to place a hopper aimed on the bottom face of a block instead faces downward. With some blocks, such as the Minecraft:furnace and Minecraft:brewing stand, the hopper has multiple uses. A hopper does not change direction after placement, and it is not attached to the container it faces; the container can be removed or replaced, and the hopper remains unchanged.

Template:IN, hoppers cannot be moved by Minecraft:pistons. Despite not having a full top surface, a few redstone components that require a support can be placed on top of hoppers (but not on their sides).

Container

File:Hopper GUI.png

Hopper GUI showing the hopper's five slots of inventory at the top and the player's inventory below.

A hopper can be used as a container and has 5 slots of inventory space.

To open the hopper GUI, Template:Control it. To move items between the hopper inventory and the player inventory or hotbar while the hopper GUI is open, drag or shift-click the items. To exit the hopper GUI, use the Template:Key key, B button or circle button, depending on the device.

By default, the GUI of a hopper is labeled "Item Hopper". A hopper's GUI label can be changed by naming the hopper in an Minecraft:anvil before placing it, or, Template:In, by using the data command (for example, to label a hopper at (0,64,0) "Steve's Hopper", use /data merge block 0 64 0 {CustomName:'"Steve's Hopper"'}).

Template:IN, a hopper's GUI can be "locked" (or subsequently unlocked) by setting the hopper's lock tag with the data command. If a hopper's lock tag is not blank, the hopper cannot be accessed except by players holding an item that matches the item predicate in the lock tag. For example, to lock a hopper at (0,64,0) so that only players holding an item named "Steve's Key" can access the hopper, use /data merge block 0 64 0 {lock:{components:{"custom_name":"Steve's Key"}}}.

Redstone component

File:Hopper logic flowchart.png

Flowchart of hopper logic

While a hopper is neither powered by a Minecraft:redstone signal nor in cooldown, it operates with three functions:

• Push a single item from its own inventory into a container it faces
• Pull a single item into its inventory from a container above it
• Collect Minecraft:item entities (free-floating items in the world) into its inventory from the space above it

A hopper first attempts to push any items inside it. Afterward, it checks if the block above it is a type of container. If so, it attempts to pull from it. Otherwise, the hopper attempts to collect item entities. Notably, hoppers can push to and pull from other hoppers, forming hopper pipes or hopper chains, which allow transporting items across several blocks and are further discussed below.

Redstone signals

When a hopper receives a redstone signal, all three of its functions stop: in this situation the hopper is locked/disabled. Once the hopper loses power, its activity resumes as it goes back to being unlocked/enabled.<ref>The terms "locked" and "unlocked" were created by the community. "Enabled", on the other hand, is the name of the actual blockstate property that defines if the hopper should be operational or not (Template:In).</ref> Depowering a locked hopper does not affect its cooldown time. Therefore, unlocking a hopper that was not already in cooldown results in it starting to pull, push, or collect items as soon as it gets ticked.

Template:IN, the hoppers can only be locked on the input/consume Minecraft:redstone tick (C-tick).

While a locked hopper does not push or pull/collect items, it may still receive items from Minecraft:droppers, Minecraft:crafters and other hoppers, and may have its items pulled out by another hopper beneath it. Hence, the item flow in a horizontal hopper pipe may be stopped by locking just one of the hoppers, but stopping a vertical hopper pipe requires locking two adjacent hoppers at the same time, such that both the pushing of the top one and the pulling of the bottom one are stopped.

A hopper does not output any redstone signals by itself, but its fullness can be read using a Minecraft:redstone comparator, which needs to be placed next to it and facing away from it. An empty hopper outputs a signal strength of 0 and a completely full hopper outputs a signal strength of 15. Notably, a single stackable item (16 or 64) outputs a signal strength of 1 and a single non-stackable item outputs a signal strength of 3. A table with all signal strengths can be found in the comparator article.

Template:IN, if the hopper being read is part of a horizontal hopper pipe, the comparator can individually read each item passing through the chain, because items are pushed through the hoppers one by one at a speed that is manageable by the comparator. If there is an uninterrupted stream of items, the comparator does not switch off in between items. On the other hand, in a vertical hopper pipe, some of the hoppers may never produce a reading above 0, even with a continuous stream of items, because pushes and pulls both occur in the same game tick: The hoppers' items get pulled out a single game tick after they're pushed in and this isn't measurable by a comparator, because comparators need measurements lasting at least 2 game ticks (0.1 seconds, barring lag) to produce a reading.

Collecting items

A hopper collects items dropped inside itself or on top of it if the space above the hopper is occupied by a non-storage block. Items dropped inside the hopper are picked up regardless of the block above.

Template:IN, items are only collected if the block above is not a full block or is in the block tag Template:Code (Minecraft:bee nests and Minecraft:beehives by default).

Template:IN, items are also collected from full blocks, a situation that might come from items rising up through solid blocks or being summoned.

Items are gathered from the entire 1 block space above the hopper, meaning that items sitting on partial blocks such as Minecraft:soul sand directly above a hopper can be collected.<ref>Template:Bug</ref>

Collected items are placed in the leftmost empty slot of a hopper's inventory. If there are multiple dropped items above the hopper, the hopper collects them in the order they entered the chunk containing the hopper. This can be observed by pushing items onto a locked hopper from an adjacent chunk: regardless of which item lands first, the hopper will always collect the one that entered the chunk the earliest.

Hoppers usually check for dropped items every Minecraft:game tick and they can collect items even before they are picked up by a Minecraft:player or destroyed by Minecraft:lava. After collecting an item (or stack of items), a hopper enters a cooldown period that lasts 8 game ticks (0.4 seconds, barring lag).

Hoppers collect groups of items all at once rather than collecting them as single items one at a time. As a result, hoppers can collect item entities much faster than they can pull items from a container. Pulling from a moving Minecraft:minecart with chest or Minecraft:minecart with hopper is even slower, since the minecart is not always above the hopper.

Pushing and pulling items

A hopper with a storage container above it (such as a Minecraft:furnace, Minecraft:chest, Minecraft:dropper, Minecraft:composter, or another hopper) attempts to pull from the container instead of checking for floating items above it, and hence can not collect dropped items. A hopper always tries to push or pull items using the leftmost available slot. When a hopper is removing items from a chest, the items disappear from left to right. Similarly, when filling up a chest, the chest fills up from left to right. Hoppers prioritize pulling from the first slot of a container over pulling into the first hopper slot. If a hopper has stone in its first slot and nothing in its second while the container it is pulling from has chicken in its first slot but stone in the second, the hopper pulls the chicken from the first slot of the container into its empty second slot. However, if the hopper is unable to pull the chicken, such as if all slots are filled with stone, the hopper pulls the stone from the second slot of the container instead. Similarly, hoppers prioritize pushing from their first slot over pushing into the first slot of a container. If a hopper has stone in its first slot and chicken in its second while the container it is pushing to has chicken it its first slot but stone in the second, the hopper pushes stone from its first slot into the second slot of the container.

Template:IN, the checks done by a hopper while pulling generally require less processing than the checks done by a hopper attempting collection. Therefore, a chain of hoppers topped with composters, storage containers, or full blocks (keep in mind that full blocks do not prevent hoppers from checking if there are Minecraft:minecarts with chests or Minecraft:minecarts with hoppers above them) rather than air/non-full blocks has better performance and lower potential for processing lag. <ref name=":0">Template:Ytl</ref> The performance improvement achieved is correlated with the number of storage slots the container has - for example a dropper will have better performance than a barrel. The single best block for performance is the composter.<ref name=":0" /> Template:IN, a chain of hoppers with air or non-container blocks on top has better performance than a chain of hoppers topped by container blocks.<ref>https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/715523208530362389/890030941282631741/Redstone_MSPT_measure.xlsx</ref> This may be because, even though hoppers with containers on top do not check for items, they do check for hopper-minecarts and chest-minecarts to pull from, and that involves scanning the chunk entity list.<ref>Template:Bug</ref>

Item pushes and pulls are processed in the same game tick, but pushes are processed before pulls. In the schematic, the empty hopper first pulls an item from chest A as it cannot push anything into chest B. After the cooldown, the hopper first pushes its item into chest B before pulling another item from chest A, both pushing and pulling in the same tick, and the process repeats. The hopper stops pulling when A is empty, and stops pushing when B becomes full.

After pulling and/or pushing items, a hopper enters an 8 game tick (0.4 seconds, barring lag) cooldown period (a transfer rate of 2.5 items per second, barring lag).

Template:IN, when an item is pushed into an empty hopper (a player manually placing the item in the hopper does not count), it starts an 8-game-tick cooldown period. Template:IN, when an item is pushed into an empty hopper, the cooldown of that hopper lasts 7 game ticks (0.35 seconds, barring lag) instead. Pushing an item into a hopper that isn't empty does not trigger its cooldown.

Bee nests and beehives

Normally, hoppers do not attempt to collect items when a solid block is placed on top of them. However, hoppers attempt to collect items when Minecraft:bee nests and Minecraft:beehives are placed on top of them. This allows hoppers to collect Minecraft:honeycomb when bee nests and beehives are sheared by the player or a dispenser. If a Minecraft:dropper or Minecraft:dispenser ejects an item into a bee nest or beehive above a hopper, the hopper usually collects the item. If a dispenser or dropper ejects an item into a different solid block above a hopper, the item phases through the solid block and is not collected by the hopper.

Container interactions

Some Minecraft:containers interact with hoppers in specific ways:

Template:BlockLink, Template:EntityLink, Template:BlockLink, Template:BlockLink

Hoppers interact normally with barrels, dispensers, droppers, and boats with chests.

Template:BlockLink

A working hopper on the top face of a brewing stand deposits only into the ingredient slot and it can push only valid Minecraft:brewing ingredients. A hopper on side face of a brewing stand can deposit only Minecraft:blaze powder or bottles (including empty bottles) into the three brew slots. A hopper underneath a brewing stand always extracts from the three brew slots, whether brewing is finished or not—The hopper must be locked to allow potions to finish brewing.

Template:BlockLink, Template:BlockLink

Large chests and large trapped chests are treated as a single container: a hopper depositing into a large chest fills up the entire chest and a hopper underneath a large chest empties the entire chest. Trapped chests being accessed by a player lock any adjacent hoppers, per the standard behavior of a hopper next to an active power source.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers and minecarts with hoppers can insert and remove books from the bookshelf. As with any other container, items are taken from the first slot that has an item that can fit in the hopper and are inserted into the first empty slot.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers above composters can push compostable items into the composter's top face, with a chance of increasing the compost level as if the player used the item on the composter. Items that are not compostable cannot be pushed into the composter. Hoppers below the composter can pull Minecraft:bone meal when the composter is in stage 8, emptying the composter and resetting it to stage 0. Hoppers to the side of a composter do not interact with it.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers can insert ingredients in the crafting grid. Items are distributed in enabled slots, going left to right starting from the first row; if the crafter has all item slots filled then items are added to the lowest count item stack of the same type. A hopper below a crafter collects the ingredients from the crafting grid, not the resulting item.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers can deposit up to a stack of a single type of item into a decorated pot. Items are not pushed if the decorated pot is full or the pot contains a different item. Using a hopper (or a Minecraft:minecart with hopper) is the only way to retrieve items from a decorated pot without breaking it.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers cannot interact with Minecraft:ender chests in any way.

Template:BlockLink, Template:BlockLink, Template:BlockLink

A working hopper pointing into the top of a furnace deposits only into the ingredient slot. It can push any item, including items that can't be smelted by the furnace. A hopper pointing into the side of a furnace deposits into the fuel slot, and only items that are usable as fuel. A hopper below a furnace pulls everything from the output slot and empty Minecraft:buckets from the fuel slot left over from using Minecraft:lava buckets as fuel. When a hopper removes items from a furnace, the experience points are 'stored' in the furnace until a player removes at least one smelted item, or the furnace block is broken.

Template:BlockSprite Other hoppers

A sequence of three or more hoppers, each pushing items into the next, is called a hopper pipe. Working horizontal hopper pipes simply push items into each other at the expected rate of 2.5 items per second, but vertical hopper pipes are more complicated, as the hoppers are trying both to pull and to push. When a vertical pipe pulls from a single container, it simply transfers items at 2.5 items per second because the transfer rate is limited by the first hopper pulling items from the container. If a stack of items is in a vertical pipe, the items can be transferred twice as fast, because the hopper with the item stack is pushing items down while the hopper below it is also pulling items down.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers and minecarts with hoppers can insert and remove items from the shelf. Items are inserted into the first empty slot and extracted from the first slot that contains items, following standard container behavior.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers can insert Minecraft:music discs into jukeboxes, and extract the music discs after they finish playing. A jukebox emits a redstone signal while playing a disc, locking any adjacent hoppers.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers cannot remove or place books on Minecraft:lecterns. The redstone pulse emitted from a lectern when a page is turned can temporarily lock hoppers.

Template:EntityLink, Template:EntityLink

Unlocked hoppers fill Minecraft:minecarts with chests and Minecraft:minecarts with hoppers if any part of the entity's hitbox is within the hopper's target block-space. Hopper minecarts try to pull items from the hopper at high speed. Hoppers can pull items from minecarts above them so rails can be placed directly on the top faces of a hoppers. If a Minecraft:detector rail is in the right position, it could lock the hopper per standard redstone-hopper behavior.

Template:BlockLink

Hoppers cannot put Minecraft:shulker boxes into other shulker boxes. This allows for the creation of certain item filters.

Otherwise, hoppers interact with shulker boxes normally.

Sounds

Generic

Despite being composed almost entirely of iron, hoppers do not use iron sounds.<ref>Template:Bug</ref>

Unique

Template:Edition: None

Data values

ID

Template:Edition: Template:ID table Template:ID table

Template:Edition: Template:ID table Template:ID table Template:ID table

Block states

Template:Edition: Template:Bst Template:Bst

Template:Edition: Template:Bst Template:Bst

Block data

A hopper has a block entity associated with it that holds additional data about the block.

Template:El: Template:See also

<section begin="block data"/>

• Template:Nbt Block entity data
  • Template:Nbt inherit/blockentity
  • Template:Nbt inherit/nameable
  • Template:Nbt inherit/lockable
  • Template:Nbt inherit/lootable
  • Template:Nbt: List of items in this container. Represents the Template:DCL component. The component is still present on the block entity, even if the tag does not exist (due to a loot table existing instead).
    • Template:Nbt: An item, including the slot tag.
      • Template:Nbt inherit/item
  • Template:Nbt: Time until the next transfer in Minecraft:game ticks, naturally between 1 and 8 or 0 if there is no transfer.

<section end="block data"/>

Template:El:

See Minecraft:Bedrock Edition level format/Block entity format.

History

Trivia

• A real-world hopper is a large, pyramidal or cone-shaped container used in industrial processes to hold particulate matter, like dust, gravel, nuts, seeds, etc., and can then dispense them from the bottom.
• A hopper can transfer 9000 items per hour, or 150 items per minute.

Gallery

Renders

Java Edition

• Facing north
  Facing north
• Facing east
  Facing east
• Facing south
  Facing south
• Facing west
  Facing west

Bedrock Edition

• Facing north
  Facing north
• Facing east
  Facing east
• Facing south
  Facing south
• Facing west
  Facing west

Screenshots

• In snapshot Minecraft:13w01a, the hopper item uses a 'WIP' sprite, though the item still reads "Hopper".
  In snapshot Minecraft:13w01a, the hopper item uses a 'WIP' sprite, though the item still reads "Hopper".
• The 13w02a banner includes a Minecraft:minecart with TNT and a hopper.
  The 13w02a banner includes a Minecraft:minecart with TNT and a hopper.
• The hopper's crafting recipe as shown in the Minecraft:Block of the Month Minecraft:Minecraft.net article.
  The hopper's crafting recipe as shown in the Minecraft:Block of the Month Minecraft:Minecraft.net article.

External links

• Template:Mcnet