Minecraft:Transportation

File:RideableMinecart.png

A minecart, which is a method of transportation

File:Minecartride.jpg

A player riding a minecart

Transportation is how players move around the world or between Minecraft:dimensions (the Minecraft:Overworld, Minecraft:the Nether, and Minecraft:the End).

Methods

Template:Missing info These speeds assume that the form of transportation is not under the effect of the Minecraft:Speed or Minecraft:Slowness status effects if they can be, unless mentioned. Template:IN, there is a speed limit of 320 m/s, or 16 blocks per tick.

Note: As 1 block is 1 m³, 1 m/s is equal to 1 block per second. Thus for convenience, all speeds are shown in SI units. 1 m/s equals around 3.28 ft/s and 1 km/h equals 0.621 mph.

Method	Conditions	Running start effective?Template:More info	Average speed in m/s (blocks per second)Template:Note	Average speed in km/h (1000 blocks per hour)Template:NoteTemplate:Note	Works in the Nether?
Template:ItemSprite Minecraft:Walking	Flat terrain	Template:Tc	4.317 m/s	15.54 km/h	Template:Tc
	Diagonally	Template:Tc	4.405 m/s	15.858 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed I	Template:Tc	6.066 m/s	21.84 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed II	Template:Tc	6.519 m/s	23.47 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed III	Template:Tc	6.972 m/s	25.1 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EffectSprite Minecraft:Sprinting	Flat terrain	Template:Tc	5.612 m/s	20.2 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed I	Template:Tc	7.885 m/s	28.39 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed II	Template:Tc	8.475 m/s	30.51 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed III	Template:Tc	9.064 m/s	32.63 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EffectSprite Sprint-jumping	Flat terrain	Template:Tc	7.127 m/s	25.66 km/h	Template:Tc
	Elevation momentum (+1 block)Template:Note	Template:Tc	7.508 m/s	27.03 km/h	Template:Tc
	2-block-high passageTemplate:Note	Template:Tc	9.732 m/s	35.04 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EffectSprite Minecraft:Sneaking	Flat terrain	Template:Tc	1.3 m/s	4.68 km/h	Template:Tc
	+/- 45 angle	Template:Tc	1.83 m/s	6.59 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Swift Sneak I	Template:Tc	1.94 m/s	6.98 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Swift Sneak II	Template:Tc	2.59 m/s	9.32 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Swift Sneak III	Template:Tc	3.24 m/s	11.66 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Swift Sneak III and +/- 45 angle	Template:Tc	4.41 m/s	15.88 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed I	Template:Tc	1.819 m/s	6.55 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed II	Template:Tc	1.949 m/s	7.02 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Soul Speed III	Template:Tc	2.92 m/s	10.51 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Swift Sneak III and Minecraft:Soul Speed III	Template:Tc	5.23 m/s	18.83 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Swift Sneak III and Minecraft:Soul Speed III and +/- 45 angle	Template:Tc	7.11 m/s	25.6 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:ItemLink	Template:BlockSprite Powered Track	Template:Tc	8.0 m/s	28.8 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:Frac slope track	Template:Tc	7.1 m/s	25.56 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:ItemLink Template:Only	Template:Tc	4.0 m/s	14.4 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:ItemLink<ref group="note">Boat acceleration takes 9.4 seconds—the difference in time between a running start and not, is halved, or 4.7 seconds.</ref>	Template:Frac slope rapids	Template:Tc	7.3 m/s	26.28 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:Frac slope rapids	Template:Tc	7.0 m/s	25.2 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockLink Template:BlockLink Template:BlockLink	Template:Tc	40.0 m/s	144.0 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockLink	Template:Tc	72.73 m/sTemplate:Note	261.82 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockLink	Template:Tc	8.0 m/s	28.8 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockLink, reverse	Template:Tc	1.01 m/s	3.636 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat land	Template:Tc	2.00 m/s	7.20 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat land, reverse	Template:Tc	0.24 m/s	0.864 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockLink	Template:Tc	1.18 m/s	4.25 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockLink	Template:Tc	1.06 m/s	3.81 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink	Flat terrain	Template:Tc	2.42 m/s	3.712 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat terrain, average speed using Template:ItemLink	Template:Tc	4.19 m/s	15.08 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink	Flat land, without boost	Template:Tc	1.78 m/s	6.41 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat Minecraft:lava surface, without boost	Template:Tc	4.24 m/s	15.26 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat Minecraft:lava surface, average speed with boost	Template:Tc	7.34 m/s	26.42 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink	Flat terrain, walking	Template:Tc	3.794 m/s	13.66 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat terrain, sprinting	Template:Tc	8.0 m/s	28.8 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLinkTemplate:Note	Flat terrain (average horse speed)	Template:Tc	9.49 m/s	34.15 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat terrain, fastest possible breed	Template:Tc	14.57 m/s	52.45 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink Template:EntityLink	Flat terrain, naturally spawned or Template:Edition	Template:Tc	7.38 m/s	26.56 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat terrain, fastest possible breedTemplate:Only	Template:Tc	14.57 m/s	52.45 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLinkTemplate:Note	Flat terrain, Template:Edition average	Template:Tc	10.752 m/s	38.707 km/h	Template:Tc
	Flat terrain, Template:Edition average	Template:Tc	10.361 m/s	37.300 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink	Flat terrain	Template:Tc	8.43 m/s	30.35 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink	Underwater	Template:Tc	6.5 m/s	23.4 km/h	Template:Tc
	On land	Template:Tc	0.88 m/s	3.17 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink	Underwater	Template:Tc	7.15 m/s	25.74 km/h	Template:Tc
	On land	Template:Tc	0.97 m/s	3.49 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EffectSprite Minecraft:Swimming	Still water, surface<ref group="note">The swimming speeds are not affected by Swiftness potions. The surface speed refers to "skimming" across the top of the water by holding Template:Key.</ref>	Template:Tc	2.20 m/s	7.92 km/h	Template:Tc
	Still water, underwater<ref group="note">Underwater refers to any part of the body submerged in water and walking on flat terrain. The Player travels the same speed regardless of if the water is 1 block deep or 2 (in observed cases).</ref>	Template:Tc	1.97 m/s	7.09 km/h	Template:Tc
	Upstream, underwater	Template:Tc	0.39 m/s	1.40 km/h	Template:Tc
	Downstream, underwater	Template:Tc	1.81 m/sTemplate:Verify	6.52 km/hTemplate:Verify	Template:Tc
	While diving	Template:Tc	0.39 m/s	1.40 km/h	Template:Tc
	Downstream, underwater, standing	Template:Tc	1.37 m/s	4.93 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Sprint-swimming	Template:Tc	3.918 m/s	14.1 km/h	Template:Tc
	Sprint-swimming with Depth Strider III	Template:Tc	5.305 m/s	19.1 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace status effect	Template:Tc	9.800 m/s	28.8 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace status effect with Minecraft:Depth Strider III	Template:Tc	36.75 m/s	132.3 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace status effect with Minecraft:Depth Strider III and Minecraft:Soul Speed III on a layer of Minecraft:soul soil underwater <ref group="note">Data based on https://youtu.be/PuXX2zkEs48?t=178.</ref>	Template:Tc	75.0 m/s	270 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace status effect with Minecraft:Depth Strider III, Minecraft:Soul Speed III on a layer of Minecraft:soul soil, and Minecraft:Speed II status effect underwater <ref group="note">Data based on https://youtu.be/nNm5mOeH4pE.</ref>	Template:Tc	144 m/s	518.4 km/h	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Dolphin's Grace status effect with Minecraft:Depth Strider III and Minecraft:Soul Speed III on a layer of Minecraft:soul soil, and Minecraft:Speed II status effect underwater, aligned at a +/-45 degree angle depending on travel direction, and holding forward/sideways/sprint keys <ref group="note">Data based on https://youtu.be/ySREkWjks6A.</ref>	Template:Tc	146.965 m/s	529.074 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:ItemSprite Minecraft:Flying (horizontal)<ref group="note">Flying speed can be varied.</ref>	Template:BlockSprite Minecraft:Creative mode	Template:Tc	11.0 m/s	39.6 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockSprite Minecraft:Creative mode Sprint-flying	Template:Tc	22.0 m/s	79.2 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockSprite Minecraft:Spectator mode Maximum speed	Template:Tc	43.556 m/s	156.8016 km/h	Template:Tc
	Template:BlockSprite Minecraft:Spectator mode Maximum speed Sprint-flying	Template:Tc	87.111 m/s	313.5996 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:ItemLink	Thrown 15° above horizontal	Template:Tc	~23.0 m/s	~82.8 km/h	Template:Tc
Template:EntityLink	Flying at 0° pitch	Template:Tc	3.611 m/s	13 km/h	Template:Tc
	Gliding at 0° pitch	Template:Tc	30.0 m/s	108.0 km/h	Template:Tc
	Continuous rocket boost	Template:Tc	33.5 m/s	120.6 km/h	Template:Tc
	Gliding at 52° pitch down	Template:Tc	67.3 m/s	242.3 km/h	Template:Tc
	Gliding at 90° pitch down	Template:Tc	78.4 m/s	282.2 km/h	Template:TcTemplate:Note
	Minecraft:Trident with Minecraft:Riptide III	Template:Tc	~375 m/s	1,350 km/h (Mach 1.13)	Template:Tc
	Minecraft:Trident with Minecraft:Riptide III (perfect timing)	Template:Tc	632.0 m/s Template:Note	2,275.2 km/h (Mach 1.85)	Template:Tc

Notes

Potions

Using Minecraft:effects from Minecraft:potions or Minecraft:beacons, walking and sprinting speeds become competitive with other methods of transportation.

Each additional level of Template:EffectLink allows the player to walk at nearly the sprinting speed of the previous level, and sprinting with Speed II is only slightly slower than a minecart at full speed or a boosted Minecraft:pig. With adequate food and potion supplies, sprinting may be more cost-effective than building high-speed transportation systems.

Effect level	Walking speed (m/s)	Sprinting speed (m/s)
none	4.317 m/s	5.612 m/s
Template:EffectLink	5.181 m/s	6.735 m/s
Template:EffectLink II	6.044 m/s	7.857 m/s

Commands

Using the Template:Cmd Minecraft:command, extremely high or low speeds become reachable. At exceedingly high levels (100+), the player moves faster than the chunks can load.

Effect level	Sneaking speed (m/s)	Walking speed (m/s)	Sprinting speed (m/s)
Template:EffectLink 50	14.25 m/s	47.49 m/s	61.74 m/s
Template:EffectLink 127	34.19 m/s	113.97 m/s	148.17 m/s
Template:EffectLink 255	67.61 m/s	225.36 m/s	292.96 m/s

Vertical transportation

There are some examples of purely vertical transportation methods:

Method	Conditions	Average speed (m/s)
Template:EffectSprite Minecraft:Jumping<ref group="note">The player can jump up a distance of Template:Frac blocks. With Minecraft:Jump Boost I, that increases to Template:Frac blocks, and with Jump Boost II, that increases to Template:Frac blocks.</ref>	Climbing slope without stairs, Minecraft:pillar jumping, etc.	2.0 m/s
Template:BlockLink	Ascending	3.2 m/s
	Descending	3.6 m/s
#climbable (e.g. ladders, vines...)	Ascending	2.35 m/s
	Descending	3.0 m/s
Template:BlockLink	Ascending in water	14.0 m/sTemplate:Note
Template:BlockLink	Descending in water	6.0 m/sTemplate:Note
Template:BlockLink	No adjacent blocks	2.0 m/s
	Ascending, with adjacent blocks	0.6 m/s
	Descending, with adjacent blocks	3.4 m/s
Template:BlockLink (measured in Java Edition)	Ascending, by holding Template:Control	2.23 m/s
	Sprint-swimming upward while holding Template:Control	6.98 m/s
Template:BlockLink	Using a Potion of Fire Resistance	0.8 m/s
Template:EffectLink	Level 1	0.9 m/s
Template:ItemSprite Minecraft:Flying	Template:BlockSprite Minecraft:Creative Template:BlockSprite Minecraft:Spectator	7.49 m/s
Template:EffectSprite Falling	Player, terminal velocity	78.39992374 m/s
	Item, terminal velocity	40.0 m/s
	Template:EntityLink, terminal velocity	100.0 m/s
	Minecraft:Falling block, terminal velocity	40.0 m/s
Template:EffectSprite Minecraft:Swimming	Template:BlockLink	0.39 m/s
Template:BlockLink (measured Template:In)	Ascending	1.2 m/s
	Descending	2.94 m/s
Template:BlockLink (measured Template:In)	Ascending	2.352 m/s
	Descending	3.000 m/s
Template:EntityLink (measured Template:In)	Ascending	1.75 m/s
	Descending	3.5 m/s

Falling speed is more complex: Every tick (Template:Frac second), non-flying players and mobs have their vertical speed decremented (less upward motion, more downward motion) by 0.08 blocks per tick (1.6 m/s), then multiplied by 0.98.<ref group="note">Horses have their vertical speed multiplied by 0.98 a second time in the same tick. This may or may not apply to some other mobs.</ref> This can be described as a formula:

<math>v(t) = 0.98 \times (v(t-1) - 0.08)</math>

Where <math>v(t)</math>is the speed (in blocks/second) at the <math>t</math>-th tick. <math>v(1)</math> corresponds to the initial speed of the jump: <math>v(1) = \begin{Bmatrix} 0 & \quad Free\;fall \\ 0.42 + 0.1E_{JumpBoost} & \quad Jumping \end{Bmatrix}</math> where <math>E_{JumpBoost}</math> is the level of the jump boost. Because "Speed" (in Minecraft) is defined as the Y coordinate difference between the current tick and the previous tick, the initial speed is <math>v(1)</math> instead of <math>v(0)</math>.

This would produce a terminal velocity of 3.92 blocks per tick or 78.4 m/s. However, the sky isn't quite high enough for that: Falling from layer 320 to bedrock takes around 8 seconds, with impact at 3.70925 blocks per tick (74.185 m/s). It is possible to fly higher in Creative mode, or by flying with an elytra and then removing it, reaching terminal velocity by falling from "above the sky". Template:Notelist

By solving the recurrence relation, it is possible to get an exact function to calculate the vertical speed of a falling player:

<math>v(t) = 0.98^{t-1}(v(1) + 3.92) - 3.92</math>

Where the velocity <math>v</math> is in blocks (meters) per tick, the time <math>t</math> is in ticks and downward motion is negative. Note that if the initial velocity is zero, the function can be simplified to <math>v(t) = 3.92 \times (0.98^t - 1)</math>.

An exact function to calculate the displacement of the player is the following:

<math>d(t) = d(0) + 50(v(1)+3.92)(1-0.98^{t}) - 3.92t</math>

Where the displacement <math>d</math> is in blocks (meters), the time <math>t</math> is in ticks, <math>d(0)</math> is the initial displacement and downward displacement is negative. If the initial velocity and displacement is zero, it can be written as:

<math>d(t) = 3.92 \times (50 \times (1 - 0.98^t) - t)</math>

An approximate function to calculate the time it takes to fall from some height is the following:

<math>t(d) = 50 + 0.255102d + 49.498316 \times W_{0}(-0.367861 \times 0.994859^d)</math>

Where the height <math>d</math> is in blocks (meters), the time <math>t</math> is in ticks, initial velocity and displacement is zero, downward displacement is negative and <math>W</math> is the Lambert W function.

Other modes of transportation

• Players are also able to use Minecraft:pistons for transport.
  • It is possible to construct complex flying machines using pistons, Minecraft:blocks of redstone, Minecraft:slime blocks, and Minecraft:honey blocks.
• Minecraft:Dying is an instant mode of transportation to the player's Minecraft:bed or spawn point, but at the cost of all items and XP (if the keepInventory gamerule is disabled) and the world (on Hardcore).
  • If the player has already defeated the Minecraft:ender dragon, and is near a Minecraft:stronghold/Minecraft:end portal, they can enter and exit Minecraft:the End to instantly be transported to their bed or spawn point without dying.
• Minecraft:Explosion knockback can send an adjacent player flying for a short distance, depending on the strength of the explosion. This is not recommended in Minecraft:Survival mode without strong Minecraft:armor and/or a Minecraft:totem of undying.
• It is possible to position Minecraft:boats in a line with each boat being 4-5 blocks (inclusive) from each other. By rapidly pressing the Template:Control button. This also works with saddled Minecraft:pigs (provided they stay in position. (placed on posts)) and Minecraft:minecarts, however those are much more expensive.

History

Trivia

• Sprinting with Minecraft:Soul Speed III on Minecraft:soul sand while having Minecraft:Speed 2 is almost as fast as the fastest possible Minecraft:horse breed (12.6896 m/sec).